Ah, thank you! After your post finally I've found this:
http://www.tonymacx86.com/network/87698-ga-z77-ds3h-system-freeze-file-transfers.html
I've built a hack according to a previous Tonymac Buyers Guide. I've set up the BIOS according to the recommended settings. I've used the latest MultiBeast. The rig was always stable under MS Win, but was randomly freezing under OS X.
First I thought the freezes were graphics related because my card was a 4GB and not the recommended 2GB.
I went through the following troubleshooting:
Looked at the logs. Nothing there. Just the BOOT after the hard reset.
Tried 10.9, then 10.8.5. Still freezing.
Tried different system definitions. Still freezing.
Fixed the AGPM.kext first for my GTX670. Still freezing.
Fixed CUDA, fixed OpenCL. Still freezing.
Tried the freezefix.app. Still freezing.
Fixed the power management for my 3570K then. Still freezing.
Disconnected every non-essential peripherials. Still freezing.
Almost gave up.
I use a NAS (AFP/SMB) and I use Timemachine, so my network traffic is usually quite active. And seems like Shailua's Atheros driver has a memory leak under heavy network transfers. Who thought about that?
I've replaced it with the recompiled AtherosL1cEthernet 1.2.3 which can be found in the thread I linked on the top of this post.
1. I fully removed the MultiBeast-patched IONetworkingFamily.kext from S/L/E with the Shailua Atheros driver in it.
2. I copied back the original IONetworkingFamily.kext (from the Mountain Lion disk image) to S/L/E.
3. Fixed permissions, cleared system-caches (important, without this the Shailua driver persisted although I deleted it).
4. Rebooted and installed the recompiled AtherosL1cEthernet 1.2.3 driver with KextBeast.
5. Repaired permissions and rebooted again.
6. And no freezes until now.
Thank you all!