Oh okay, I see what's happening. In all these attempts at cloning, I decided to use an external USB drive that contains my Samsung NVMe SSD and it's connected to the back of the Mac Pro via my USB 3.0 PCI-e card. I opted to do it this way because my (old Mojave OS) is currently using the PCI-e card that is now inside the Mac Pro. My idea was to do the cloning via the external USB drive and when that's successful, I would open up the Mac Pro, take out the PCI-e card, remove the Mojave OS, add the newly cloned Monterey, put it back inside and reboot. And if all goes well THAT will become my Primary drive. Currently I'm using my backup drive, my Samsung SATA to drive this Mac.
But if I have to be successful in this backup, I guess I CAN now do all that while still using the SATA as my boot drive. If I can't do the shell script this way I'll install the NVMe properly. Thanks!
I'm using Monterey OS 12.7.1 and yes, this USB external works but I don't boot from it, or expect to be able to boot from it?