That was the problem! Turns out I needed to install the ivy bridge kernel onto my usb drive with bridgehelper 5.0. I guess the thought had never crossed my mind because I thought my processor was supported because, like Apple computers, my laptop has an intel processor. But I re-read the bridgehelper stuff and you were right about me needing it.
Now I have a new problem though. I still can't get to the installer because the gray apple screen comes up and stays up. After a while, the little sign with the circle with a line through it appears on the apple and I get no further. In verbose mode, it says still waiting for root device. I've read some other threads, and for some people this problem is caused by using a usb 3.0 port. In my case, that is all I have. I have no usb 2.0 ports, so if that's the reason it's not working, I still have a slight problem.
I've tried a couple boot flags, such as PCIRootUID=0. Then I tried PCIRootUID=1 with GraphicsEnabler=No. No Success with those yet, but maybe I'm just not doing the right combination.