Hi there.
Late to the party, I know ...
In the last graphic, where is the pen drive in Disk Utility? You have highlighted a SCSI drive? Is that it?
I've spent some time reviewing the posts, your screengrabs and USBPorts.kexts ...
@Edhawk has explained very comprehensively -
post #15 for example - so I won't repeat that.
I'd just check other things before going further...
Upload a ZIP archive of your complete EFI folder (with serial-number removed or redacted).
The images I'm seeing make me feel there are kexts at work here, or maybe SSDTs, confusing the issue. Either that or a broken DSDT/ACPI table.