How long did you have to wait?
I have the same issue, and I seem to be able to get to the installer randomly - I got there 3 times out of ~50 attempts, but during the successful attempts, the spinning wheel never showed up and I got into the installer quite fast, in 3 minutes tops.
During the unsuccessful attempts, though, I can let the laptop sit booting for an hour and nothing happens.
I can't seem to find a pattern for when it works and when it doesn't, and I tried almost everything - lots of different Clover configs, including the one you suggest, creating the installer USB with unibeast (that worked once, but I couldn't boot the same USB without any changes later), EC resets, different USB drives (USB 2.0 or 3.0), different USB ports, various BIOS settings, changing RAM modules, safe mode booting and so on, and nothing works.