You're right - those pins are USB data pins (doh!)
But if I plug a two-port USB back-plane header into the same USB header on the mother board, and then plug a USB mouse into one of the USB ports on the back-plane header - it works (it doesn't work on the other USB port). I checked the wires, and the port that works is connected to the same pins that I used for the combo card (the row with the Key (no pin)).
So the USB port works for a mouse, but apparently not for my combo card. Hmmm... Maybe the combo card draws more current than the port is configured to deliver (System Information says it's capable of delivering 1000 mA, but I don't know if that value is reliable). In any event, that's the port I used with Yosemite, and I had Bluetooth working.
Incidentally, I have a second USB header on my motherboard, but it appears to be dead (neither of its two ports work for the mouse).