I also had issues getting this to work at first. Editing my config.plist file in Clover Configurator would not get my USB 3 ports working. After several tries deleting and adding entries through the Configurator I eventually decided to look at the config.plist file in a text editor (BBEdit). Whilst there I decided to delete all entries under <key>KextsToPatch</key> with the exception of the one which allows external drives to be shown correctly in the finder. Having done this I copied the code from
post 2, saved the config file and restarted. All of the USB 3 ports were back and working as they were in Mojave. I have connected external hard drives, USB sticks and my SD card reader and all have worked as expected and at the correct speed.
I am not sure why the changes worked with a text edit of the plist file and through the Clover Configurator GUI but this method worked for me. Below is a copy of my entries under <key>KextsToPatch</key>.
Code:
<key>KextsToPatch</key>
<array>
<dict>
<key>Comment</key>
<string>External icons patch</string>
<key>Disabled</key>
<false/>
<key>Find</key>
<data>
RXh0ZXJuYWw=
</data>
<key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
<false/>
<key>Name</key>
<string>AppleAHCIPort</string>
<key>Replace</key>
<data>
SW50ZXJuYWw=
</data>
</dict>
<dict>
<key>Comment</key>
<string>USB Port Limit Patch 1 - PMheart and daliansky</string>
<key>Find</key>
<data>
g/sPDw==
</data>
<key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
<false/>
<key>Name</key>
<string>com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily</string>
<key>Replace</key>
<data>
g/s/Dw==
</data>
</dict>
<dict>
<key>Comment</key>
<string>USB Port Limit Patch 2 - PMheart and daliansky</string>
<key>Find</key>
<data>
g/kPDw==
</data>
<key>InfoPlistPatch</key>
<false/>
<key>Name</key>
<string>com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBXHCI</string>
<key>Replace</key>
<data>
g/k/Dw==
</data>
</dict>
</array>
The first <dict> section is the code for the external drives to be shown correctly and then the next two sections are the code I copied from
post 2.