You should try downloading the dmg file manually and try to update that way.
Also there is a way to manually provide the mpkg File.
As it was not available yesterday i downloaded the updated Apple 10.13.1 full Install MacOS High Sierra.app from App Store and decompressed the InstallESD.dmg inside the Package Contents, inside this InstallESD.dmg you find the Core and OSInstall.mpgk package, these will also perform the update when copied manually to yourMacOSDisk\System\Installation\Packages\ before restart of update.
OSInstall.mpgk has to be in yourMacOSDisk\System\Installation\Packages\
https://support.apple.com/kb/DL1941