Here you go:
Code:
[FONT=Andale Mono]localhost:~ doncarlos$ diskutil list/dev/disk0[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 0: GUID_partition_scheme *320.1 GB disk0[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 1: EFI EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 2: Apple_HFS system 279.2 GB disk0s2[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 3: Apple_HFS data 40.4 GB disk0s3[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono]/dev/disk1[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 0: FDisk_partition_scheme *7.9 GB disk1[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 1: Apple_HFS Installer 7.9 GB disk1s1[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono]localhost:~ doncarlos$ sudo fdisk /dev/rdisk0[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono]Password:[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono]Disk: /dev/rdisk0 geometry: 38913/255/63 [625142448 sectors][/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono]Signature: 0xAA55[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] Starting Ending[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] #: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size][/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono]------------------------------------------------------------------------[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 1: EE 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 1 - 625142447] <Unknown ID>[/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 2: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused [/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 3: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused [/FONT]
[FONT=Andale Mono] 4: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused[/FONT]
I would do a few things:
1) Can you force BIOS to boot your HDD using F9?
2) Check in Linux to see if your system partition is marked 'boot' (I don't know of a way to check that on OS X).
3) Check that the bootloader is installed correctly in MBR/PBR
Code:
sudo dd if=/dev/rdisk0 of=/tmp/mbr count=1 bs=512
xxd </tmp/mbr|tail
sudo dd if=/dev/rdisk0s2 of=/tmp/pbr count=1 bs=512
xxd </tmp/pbr|tail
sudo dd if=/dev/rdisk0s2 of=/tmp/pbr count=2 bs=512
xxd </tmp/pbr|tail
The last two bytes of all three outputs should be 55aa.
FYI: Just a guess... you ran the Mavericks installer at the desktop after it downloaded, instead of quitting it right away?