So I did some experimenting:
1) I used the old card in a PCIe adapter and tried that - NO DICE
2) I put the old card in a M2 adapter and into the rear M2 slot - WIFI WORKS
Now I just need to put the antenna headers in because my bluetooth keeps crapping out. Never a dull moment eh? The reason I wanted the PCiE solution was primarily for heat dissipation (I.e. heat sink). My white case had scorch marks from the heat in the M2 slot.
So either my PCIe slot is dead, which is unfortunate, or it doesn't know how to read x1 cards.