This post is an addendum to the previous post.
Nope, unchecking those two settings (FixHDA, AddHDMI) did not work. However, with both enabled, the DisplayPorts closest to the motherboard work for audio, and if I boot with the TV connected to the DP connector (either of the two on the GPU closest to the motherboard) and then move the connection to the HDMI port, I get native HDMI.
Here's how my GPU is configured:
Motherboard - DP1 -> DP2 -> HDMI -> DP3
DVI
DP1 and DP2 provide alt-mode HDMI audio on bootup. HDMI provides HDMI audio if I connect to DP1 or DP2 on bootup and then move the connection to HDMI. DP3 does not output any audio at all and no audio device shows up in Audio MIDI Setup regardless of whether or not DP1 or DP2 is used as the initial connection on bootup.
This seems to mirror what I've seen reported here regarding how HDMI audio is working in 10.13.4 and later with Maxwell/Pascal GPUs, and it's happening in 10.12.6 w/ the latest security update, so it looks like it isn't only 10.13.4+ that's affected by the HDMI audio problem.
I can live with having to use the DP connection for now, though if I move to a 4k TV I know I'll need to get an active DP to HDMI adapter if I want 4k60 @ 4:4:4 (ARGB2101010 30-bit color if I'm lucky enough to get a 10-bit panel on the TV like I have now).