One or more of the kexts in the OpenCore folder might be compiled with libraries that do not work on High Sierra. A clean installation of Catalina is the better option because that avoids bringing a lot of “baggage” from High Sierra. That’s what I did when I jumped from my 2008 Mac Pro to the Z390 Designare in late 2018.
Migration Assistant should be avoided as well. It’s best to reinstall the apps and plugins, and to copy documents manually.
However, if it’s truly necessary to do an in-place upgrade, it would be best to stay on Clover, upgrade to Mojave, and then follow the Mojave-to-Catalina upgrade mini-guide.